Studies at ( 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 ) �C were performed, and the minimal duration of development from oviposition to adult ranges from 9.19 ?. 3 days at 35 �C, to 37.78 ?2.96 days at 15 �C . The minimum development threshold for total immature development is 8.95 �C . The overall thermal constant ( K ) for " P . terraenovae " is 240.2 ?9.3 day-degrees above threshold.
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